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Evidence Synthesis Academy
Evidence Synthesis Academy

Evidence Synthesis Academy

Training the next generation of evidence synthesis consumers and producers

Be specific

Back to: Develop Your Research Question

Let’s look at the initial question again:


So what do you mean by patients? Not everyone with kidney disease is a patient, so do you want to require that research participants be under medical care? Are you including children and adults? Replace patients with adults to be more specific.


Next, you have to clarify what you mean by kidney disease.

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Population basics
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Define your condition

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Previous PostPrevious Diagnosis
Next PostNext Keep in Mind
  • How to build a question
    • A question to match your search
    • What makes a good question?
    • Meet PICO(D)
  • Population
    • Population basics
    • Be specific
    • Define your condition
    • Diagnosis
    • Things to consider
  • Intervention + comparator
    • Seek comparisons, not the ideal
    • Intervention vs. comparator
    • What are you comparing?
    • Details
  • Outcomes
    • Outcomes
    • Add outcomes to your question
    • Types of outcomes
    • How are you measuring your outcomes?
    • Kidney failure outcomes
    • Your question so far
  • Design
    • Design
    • The best ingredients for your systematic review
    • Hierarchy of evidence pyramid
    • Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
    • Cohort studies
    • Case-control studies
    • Further down the pyramid
    • Pick your study designs
    • Non-comparative studies
    • Design details
    • Finish line
  • Give it a Try
    • Give it a Try!
    • Next Steps

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Providence, RI 02912

This website was developed with a R25 grant (PI: Schmid 5R25H5023299-03) from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.